Retrieve the dictionary definition of English words in tidy format, along with their phonetics, audio pronunciation, parts of speech, origins, examples, synonyms, and antonyms.
Installation via GitHub
devtools::install_github("stevecondylios/dictionaRy")
# install.packages("devtools")
devtools::install_github("stevecondylios/dictionaRy")Future: Installation via CRAN
install.packages("dictionaRy")
install.packages("dictionaRy")Load library
library(dictionaRy)
library(tidyverse)Get information for the word “hello”:
word <- "hello"
(word_info <- define(word))## # A tibble: 3 x 11
## original word meaning_number part_of_speech phonetic audio origin definition
## <chr> <chr> <int> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr>
## 1 hello hello 1 exclamation həˈləʊ https… early… used as a…
## 2 hello hello 1 noun həˈləʊ https… early… an uttera…
## 3 hello hello 1 verb həˈləʊ https… early… say or sh…
## # … with 3 more variables: example <chr>, synonyms <I<list>>,
## # antonyms <I<list>>word_info %>%
select(part_of_speech, definition)## # A tibble: 3 x 2
## part_of_speech definition
## <chr> <chr>
## 1 exclamation used as a greeting or to begin a phone conversation.
## 2 noun an utterance of ‘hello’; a greeting.
## 3 verb say or shout ‘hello’.word_info %>%
select(origin)## # A tibble: 3 x 1
## origin
## <chr>
## 1 early 19th century: variant of earlier hollo ; related to holla.
## 2 early 19th century: variant of earlier hollo ; related to holla.
## 3 early 19th century: variant of earlier hollo ; related to holla.word_info %>%
select(example)## # A tibble: 3 x 1
## example
## <chr>
## 1 hello there, Katie!
## 2 she was getting polite nods and hellos from people
## 3 I pressed the phone button and helloedword_info %>%
select(phonetic)## # A tibble: 3 x 1
## phonetic
## <chr>
## 1 həˈləʊ
## 2 həˈləʊ
## 3 həˈləʊVisit the urls to hear the word spoken.
word_info %>%
select(audio)## # A tibble: 3 x 1
## audio
## <chr>
## 1 https://ssl.gstatic.com/dictionary/static/sounds/20200429/hello--_gb_1.mp3
## 2 https://ssl.gstatic.com/dictionary/static/sounds/20200429/hello--_gb_1.mp3
## 3 https://ssl.gstatic.com/dictionary/static/sounds/20200429/hello--_gb_1.mp3A word that is found in the English dictionary may have one or more meanings
Example: the word bark has 4 meanings. Take the first
meaning: a dog’s bark. This meaning has 2 parts of speech (noun
and verb). The noun has 1 definition
the sharp explosive cry of a dog, fox, or seal.
The verb has 2 definitions
(of a dog, fox, or seal) give a bark and
utter (a command or question) abruptly or aggressively. So
we have a total of 3 definitions just for the first of four meanings of
‘bark’ (and more for the second, third, and fourth).
If a word cannot be found in the English dictionary a 0-row
tibble will be returned, and message to that effect printed to the
console (e.g. define("sdlkfjsldkjf")).
“hello”
define("hello")## # A tibble: 3 x 11
## original word meaning_number part_of_speech phonetic audio origin definition
## <chr> <chr> <int> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr>
## 1 hello hello 1 exclamation həˈləʊ https… early… used as a…
## 2 hello hello 1 noun həˈləʊ https… early… an uttera…
## 3 hello hello 1 verb həˈləʊ https… early… say or sh…
## # … with 3 more variables: example <chr>, synonyms <I<list>>,
## # antonyms <I<list>>“bark”
define("bark")## # A tibble: 9 x 11
## original word meaning_number part_of_speech phonetic audio origin definition
## <chr> <chr> <int> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr>
## 1 bark bark 1 noun bɑːk http… Old E… the sharp…
## 2 bark bark 1 verb bɑːk http… Old E… (of a dog…
## 3 bark bark 1 verb bɑːk http… Old E… utter (a …
## 4 bark bark 2 noun bɑːk http… Middl… the tough…
## 5 bark bark 2 noun bɑːk http… Middl… thin shee…
## 6 bark bark 2 verb bɑːk http… Middl… strip the…
## 7 bark bark 2 verb bɑːk http… Middl… tan or dy…
## 8 bark bark 3 noun bɑːk http… late … a ship or…
## 9 bark barque 4 noun bɑːk http… Middl… a sailing…
## # … with 3 more variables: example <chr>, synonyms <I<list>>,
## # antonyms <I<list>>“set” (..is said to have more meanings than any other English word!)
define("set")## # A tibble: 25 x 11
## original word meaning_number part_of_speech phonetic audio origin definition
## <chr> <chr> <int> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr>
## 1 set set 1 verb sɛt http… Old E… put, lay,…
## 2 set set 1 verb sɛt http… Old E… put or br…
## 3 set set 1 verb sɛt http… Old E… adjust (a…
## 4 set set 1 verb sɛt http… Old E… harden in…
## 5 set set 1 verb sɛt http… Old E… (of the s…
## 6 set set 1 verb sɛt http… Old E… (of a tid…
## 7 set set 1 verb sɛt http… Old E… start (a …
## 8 set set 1 verb sɛt http… Old E… (of bloss…
## 9 set set 1 verb sɛt http… Old E… sit.
## 10 set set 2 noun sɛt http… late … a group o…
## # … with 15 more rows, and 3 more variables: example <chr>, synonyms <I<list>>,
## # antonyms <I<list>>“lead” is an example of a heteronym (a word that has a different pronunciation and meaning from another word but the same spelling)
define("lead") %>%
group_by(meaning_number) %>%
slice(1)## # A tibble: 2 x 11
## # Groups: meaning_number [2]
## original word meaning_number part_of_speech phonetic audio origin definition
## <chr> <chr> <int> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr>
## 1 lead lead 1 verb liːd https… Old E… cause (a …
## 2 lead lead 2 noun lɛd https… Old E… a soft, h…
## # … with 3 more variables: example <chr>, synonyms <I<list>>,
## # antonyms <I<list>>Visit the audio links for the first and second meanings of “lead”:
Iterate over many words
words <- c("hello", "bark", "set", "lead")
map_df(words, ~ define(.x))## # A tibble: 53 x 11
## original word meaning_number part_of_speech phonetic audio origin definition
## <chr> <chr> <int> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr>
## 1 hello hello 1 exclamation həˈləʊ http… early… used as a…
## 2 hello hello 1 noun həˈləʊ http… early… an uttera…
## 3 hello hello 1 verb həˈləʊ http… early… say or sh…
## 4 bark bark 1 noun bɑːk http… Old E… the sharp…
## 5 bark bark 1 verb bɑːk http… Old E… (of a dog…
## 6 bark bark 1 verb bɑːk http… Old E… utter (a …
## 7 bark bark 2 noun bɑːk http… Middl… the tough…
## 8 bark bark 2 noun bɑːk http… Middl… thin shee…
## 9 bark bark 2 verb bɑːk http… Middl… strip the…
## 10 bark bark 2 verb bɑːk http… Middl… tan or dy…
## # … with 43 more rows, and 3 more variables: example <chr>, synonyms <I<list>>,
## # antonyms <I<list>>Note that words which aren’t found in the English dictionary will return 0 row tibbles, and hence will have no affect on the resulting tibble
words <- c("paint", "sldkfjlsdjkf")
map_df(words, ~ define(.x))## No definition found for sldkfjlsdjkf
## # A tibble: 6 x 11
## original word meaning_number part_of_speech phonetic audio origin definition
## <chr> <chr> <int> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr>
## 1 paint paint 1 noun peɪnt https… Middl… a coloure…
## 2 paint paint 1 noun peɪnt https… Middl… a piebald…
## 3 paint paint 1 noun peɪnt https… Middl… the recta…
## 4 paint paint 1 verb peɪnt https… Middl… cover the…
## 5 paint paint 1 verb peɪnt https… Middl… depict (s…
## 6 paint paint 1 verb peɪnt https… Middl… display a…
## # … with 3 more variables: example <chr>, synonyms <I<list>>,
## # antonyms <I<list>>